Text and photos by James Bow, except where noted.
See Also
- VIDEO: PCCs on Kingston Road, circa 1969-70, by Richard Glaze
- VIDEO: 503 Kingston Road Timelapse, by James Bow
- VIDEO: 503 Kingston Road Ride Along, by James Bow
- For more information on Birchmount Loop, click here.
- For more information on Bingham Loop, click here.
- For more information on McCaul Loop, click here.
The Route
As of November 2023, the 503 KINGSTON ROAD streetcar, no longer a tripper, operated at intervals of every ten minutes or better, seven days a week, whenever the subway was open. Streetcars operate from Bingham Loop at the northwest corner of Kingston Road and Victoria Park via west on Kingston Road, Queen and King to Downtown Toronto. Officially, the downtown loop is via Church, Wellington and York, but due to continuing construction work on the streetcar network, 503 KINGSTON ROAD cars continue west on King from Church to Spadina, looping via Spadina, Adelaide and Charlotte. This arrangement, and 18-hour-a-day operation came after several changes with the streetcar network, resulting in changes to how streetcars operated on Kingston Road.
Effective September 1, 2024, night streetcar service returned to Kingston Road for the first time since the opening of the BLOOR-DANFORTH subway. 503 KINGSTON ROAD NIGHT cars operated from Bingham Loop via west on Kingston Road, west on Queen and west on King to loop through Roncesvalles Carhouse, returning via the reverse route. On opening day, cars diverted via Shaw Street and Queen Street to avoid track reconstruction on King Street.
Before 2019, service on Kingston Road was divided between two streetcar routes and a bus service. The 502 DOWNTOWNER streetcar operated between 6 a.m. and 6 p.m. on weekdays. Starting at McCaul Loop on McCaul Street north of Queen, streetcars proceed south on McCaul and east on Queen to Kingston Road, where they turn northeast and follow Kingston Road to Victoria Park Avenue. At Victoria Park, cars turn around inside Bingham Loop, a suburban streetcar loop nestled amongst residential housing.
Alongside 502 DOWNTOWNER, 503 KINGSTON ROAD TRIPPER operated to York and King via King and Wellington. As the name implies, the "tripper" service was initially operated only during rush hours. Service on the Kingston Road portion of both these routes is replaced during the evenings, weekends and nights by an extension of the 22 COXWELL bus.
The "tripper" term dates back from before the 1940s when several streetcar routes in Toronto had alternate "tripper" services supplementing the base route. The 503 service is called the Kingston Road "Tripper" because the 502 DOWNTOWNER route was, until 1974, named KINGSTON ROAD. When the TTC extended the KINGSTON ROAD streetcar along Queen and Bathurst streets to Bathurst Station, they made the name change to promote the new direct downtown connection from the Bloor subway. This extended service degenerated to a rush-hours only branch before long and was dropped altogether in the mid-1980s, returning the 502 route back to its pre-1974 McCaul-Bingham configuration. The name still hasn't been changed back to 'KINGSTON ROAD'.
Kingston Road's Suburban History
The earliest ancestor of the Kingston Road streetcar was a suburban service begun by the Toronto and Scarboro Electric Railway Light and Power Company, incorporated on August 18, 1892. Operated by a board of directors including some prestigious members of Toronto society, cars began trundling up a single track on the north side of Kingston Road from Queen to Blantyre Avenue on July 1, 1893. At this time, East Toronto, as the area was formally known, was fairly well built up, and prospects looked good for the new company. Branches opened, extending service south on the west side of Blantyre to Queen Street that same year(for summers only) and up Walter and Main Streets to Gerrard in 1894.
The combination of an unlucky accident, and competition from the Toronto Railway Company's new line along Queen Street brought hard times to the company. In 1898, management fought back by extending service further east, into the rural reaches of Scarborough, and abandoning the Blantyre track. By July 12, 1901, cars had reached Midland Avenue (location of the Half Way House, a historic building now residing at the Black Creek Pioneer Village) and on August 24, 1906, the line reached its easternmost terminus at West Hill, near today's Fairwood Crescent.
Despite the fact that, by this time, the line was owned by the same people who ran the Toronto Railway Company, the Kingston Road route remained a sleepy suburban line. Competition from the Toronto Civic Railway cars on Gerrard brought about the demise of the branch along Walter, Lyall, Kimberly and Gerrard Streets.
When Kingston Road was Queen and Queen Was Beach
When the City of Toronto acquired direct control over its streetcars with the Toronto Transportation Commission, the city extended its authority over the portion of Kingston Road between Queen Street and Victoria Park. The old Scarboro track was removed from Queen to Victoria Park and a set of double tracks laid down in its place and a new loop was constructed between Victoria Park and Bingham Avenue.
On January 12, 1927, the Commission acquired the operations of the Toronto and York radial lines (which included the Mimico route, the services on North Yonge, and the Scarboro route) and set about incorporating these lines into its system. A connection was made at Victoria Park to the Scarboro line. On January 27, 1928, a year later, the Scarboro route was cut back again, this time to to Birchmount Avenue, where the TTC laid double tracks to a new loop. On November 28, 1928, the TTC ran city cars to Birchmount Loop at 12 minute intervals; the remains of the Scarborough line maintained 30 minute headways, using some of the oldest cars on the system. Never very strong, the depression was the last straw for the Scarboro line, and cars stopped running in 1936.
Service on Kingston Road west of Birchmount Avenue remained strong, however, even though Scarborough residents had to pay a second fare to continue their ride past Victoria Park Avenue. At this time, service was being handled by the Queen Streetcar, operating first from Roncesvalles, and then from a new loop on McCaul Street opened on February 18, 1929 (making the QUEEN streetcar of 1929 look very much like the Downtowner Streetcar of today). Service on Queen Street to Neville Park was handled by the BEACH Streetcar. This arrangement continued until August 2, 1937, when the truncated LAKE SHORE line was merged into the BEACH route, producing a line running from Neville Park to Sunnyside Loop which the TTC renamed QUEEN. The old QUEEN car finally became known as the KINGSTON RD streetcar. The BEACH name lingered until 1948 on a rush-hour tripper service along Queen and King to loop via Church, Wellington and York; after 1948, this service was handed to the KINGSTON ROAD TRIPPER, along with the remains of the old DOVERCOURT tripper route.
Service Cutbacks
The 1950s and the 60s further reduced streetcar service on Kingston Road. On July 1, 1954, the TTC implemented a new fare structure and, with it, streetcar service was cut back from Birchmount Loop to Victoria Park. The western terminus of the Kingston Road streetcar would shift from that time into the 1970s, with tripper cars using the downtown loop of Church, Wellington and York, Dufferin Loop at the CNE and Roncesvalles Carhouse before settling back into its downtown terminus.
From the beginning of TTC service on Kingston Road, the downtown connection only took place during the rush hours and midday on the weekdays, with COXWELL streetcars taking over operations for evenings, weekends and nights. Among the streetcar casualties resulting from the opening of the Bloor-Danforth Subway in 1966 was the COXWELL streetcar. When streetcar service on Coxwell disappeared, the TTC experimented with using every second QUEEN car to maintain streetcar service on Kingston Road during evenings and weekends. During that period, night service was basically eliminated, save for a single streetcar departing from Bingham Loop for Long Branch every Sunday morning at 1:02 AM. As night services went, this was probably the most infrequent with one car appearing every 168 hours.
The QUEEN-Bingham experiment was not successful, failing to meet the travel patterns of Kingston Road residents and contributing to the instability of QUEEN car scheduling during evenings and weekends. The QUEEN car returned to its normal route on May 22, 1966, and the 22 COXWELL bus was extended over the old KINGSTON RD-COXWELL route to Bingham Loop, with night service reinstated. During the experiment, however, the Bingham-Long Branch service was the longest single streetcar trip in Toronto, at 15.8 miles.
The Birth of the Downtowner
The biggest change to the McCaul branch of the Kingston Road streetcar came on April 2, 1973, when the service was extended from McCaul farther west along Queen and then north on Bathurst to Bathurst Station. Renamed 'DOWNTOWNER' to promote its new direct-downtown service from the Bloor-Danforth subway, this operation didn't catch on. On September 4, 1974, the Bathurst Station branch of the Downtowner car was cut back to rush-hours only, with base service returning to McCaul Loop. When McCaul Loop was rebuilt between 1976 and 1978 with the construction of the Village by the Grange, base service was temporarily extended to Wolesley Loop just north of Queen and Bathurst, but returned to McCaul Loop when it reopened. All DOWNTOWNER service was cut back to McCaul Loop on March 9, 1984, although the line retained the name given to it when service was extended.
In spite of the attempts to bolster service on the KINGSTON ROAD car, frequencies continued to drop, and patrons on the line became frustrated over delays on the route. By the mid-1990s, 502 DOWNTOWNER cars were operating at around 20 minute intervals during the midday and at 12 minute intervals during rush hours. Twelve-minute service on the 503 KINGSTON ROAD TRIPPER provided 6 minute service along the common portions of both routes.
In the early 1990s, however, as the TTC considered what to do with a surplus of streetcars resulting from service cuts, a proposal came forward to reinstate the COXWELL streetcar, extending streetcar tracks north from the Coxwell/Upper Gerrard intersection to Coxwell subway station. The route was rated as the most beneficial to convert, partly because of the small amount of new tracks required, and the fact that COXWELL streetcars could operate on Kingston Road on evenings and weekends, providing "continuity of service" on the street. Unfortuantely, the TTC felt that the ridership was not high enough to justify the costs of conversion. The bus-streetcar arrangement continued for the next twenty years, and although buses did replace streetcars on occasion, it was primarily to allow for construction to renew the streetcar tracks.
Temporary Bustitution and a Flip
In 2017, streetcar service faded and vanished on Kingston Road, as construction projects on Queen made streetcar service unfeasible. The streetcars stayed away as winter set in, as a result of a shortage of streetcars resulting from delays to Bombardier's delivery of Flexity streetcars. In the meantime, the City of Toronto and the TTC collaborated to try and address congestion problems on King Street that were holding back the heavily-used-line's performance. On November 19, 2017, the City of Toronto implemented a pilot project blocking through traffic for automobiles on King Street between Bathurst and Jarvis. 503 KINGSTON ROAD buses were there to take advantage of the clearance of the street of competing traffic
In January 2018, the TTC announced that, to deal with the increasing streetcar shortage, effective February 18, 2018, the 506 CARLTON and 505 DUNDAS streetcars would be temporarily bussed so that the streetcars could be moved elsewhere. This re-instated streetcar service on Kingston Road, but with a difference. 502 DOWNTOWNER would remain as a bus service, and operate rush hours only. The 503 KINGSTON ROAD TRIPPER would return to service, operating between Bingham Loop at Victoria Park and Charlotte Loop at Spadina (the tracks on Wellington were unavailable due to construction) on both rush hours and midday in order to bolster service on the street. Effectively, the 502 DOWNTOWNER and the 503 KINGSTON ROAD TRIPPER had switched prominence. Streetcars returned to 502 DOWNTOWNER on Monday, June 24, 2018 for the summer, thanks to trackwork being done on Broadview Avenue, but the service remained peak only.
Continuing construction and the streetcar shortage would bring buses back to 503 KINGSTON ROAD through 2019, with bus service on 502 DOWNTOWNER suspended entirely. Streetcars did return to the 503 route in 2020, operated with Flexities, however, with construction work elsewhere and ridership losses from the COVID-19 pandemic making resources available. In May 2020, 503 KINGSTON ROAD service was scheduled to operate at 10 minute intervals during the midday and afternoon peaks, and 9 minutes, 15 seconds during the morning peak, slightly more frequent than 501 QUEEN, which was set to 10 minute frequencies throughout its operating day. And while another bustitution was planned for the fall, ongoing construction and bus replacement on 506 CARLTON and 511 BATHURST kept streetcars in service on the 503.
In late 2023, the TTC announced that 503 KINGSTON ROAD would take over full-service duties on Kingston Road, formally replacing the suspended 502 DOWNTOWNER service and the Kingston Road branch of 22 COXWELL. By this time, construction on the Ontario Line had closed Queen Street at Yonge, suspending through streetcar service on Queen Street, meaning there was little reason to maintain the DOWNTOWNER car. Studies also suggested that travel patterns in the area had shifted, with more demand for downtown service from Kingston Road outside of rush hour and weekday middays.
The Future
During the 2010s, the 502 DOWNTOWNER and 503 KINGSTON ROAD TRIPPER streetcar routes had significantly lower ridership than the other routes on the network. This suggested that their future should be seen as less secure than any other streetcar route in the system. However, streetcar service on Kingston Road has survived numerous challenges that could have forced the TTC to end streetcar service on Kingston Road. Instead, the TTC has worked to maintain streetcars, and even looked at ways of making the 22 COXWELL service into a streetcar service to provide consistent streetcar service throughout all hours of the day. In the end, they elected to just establish full service on what was once a rush hour tripper.
Clearly, the Kingston Road streetcars have staying power, thanks to their history and the quality of service they manage to provide despite the challenges. And while these routes may be consolidated into one, we can hopefully count on streetcars to continue rolling on Kingston Road for the foreseeable future.
502 Downtowner / 503 Kingston Road Image Archive
An unidentified wooden streetcar, possibly ex Toronto & York Radial Railway, turns from Kingston Road onto Victoria Park, entering the newly-built Bingham Loop in this 1922 shot. The photographer is unknown and the image is courtesy the Toronto Public Library. | |
TTC Crane car C-1 helps remove tracks on the SCARBORO line on July 14, 1930. Photo courtesy the Toronto Archives. | |
TTC Small Witt #2748 pauses on Queen Street, just east of the Don River, while running on KINGSTON ROAD TRIPPER service in the early 1950s. Its destination is Dufferin Loop. Photo by Peter Lambert, donated by Curt Frey. | |
Large Witt 2932 and its trailer pause at the entrance to Dufferin Loop. This scene reenacts the Kingston Road Tripper service that, at the time (1954), ran to this loop. Photo by Julian Bernard, donated by Curt Frey. | |
TTC air-electric PCC 4041 heads west on Kingston Road, having passed Warden and approaching Valhalla, in KINGSTON ROAD-COXWELL service. This photo, taken on June 6, 1954, is by Harvey Naylor and is courtesy the John Knight collection. | |
The Kingston Road and Queen streetcars meet or diverge at the Kingston Road/Queen intersection. In this August 1966 shot, two PCCs meet. This picture was taken by Jerry Appleman and is available at his photo web site. This picture is used with permission. | |
TTC A11-class ex-Cleveland PCC #4653 heads eastbound on Queen Street in front of City Hall in this July 1968 shot. The photographer is unknown. | |
TTC A12-class ex-Cleveland all-electric PCC #4675 operates eastbound on Kingston Road past Columbine Avenue in KINGSTON ROAD service. This shot was taken by Richard Glaze circa July 1969. | |
TTC A10-class ex-Cincinnati air-electric PCC #4593 heads back westbound on Kingston Road, passing Kingswood in KINGSTON ROAD service. This shot was taken circa July 1969 by Richard Glaze. | |
TTC A6-class PCC streetcar #4344 drops off passengers on Kingston Road, westbound at Main Street in KINGSTON ROAD service. This shot was taken circa August 1969 by Richard Glaze. | |
TTC A10-class ex-Cincinnati air-electric PCC #4589 turns from Bingham Avenue onto Kingston Road in KINGSTON ROAD service circa September 1969. This photo was taken by Richard Glaze. | |
TTC A10-class ex-Cincinnati air-electric PCC #4586 picks up passengers at Bingham Loop in KINGSTON ROAD service. Photo taken circa 1970 by Richard Glaze. | |
@estbound A10-class air-electric ex-Cincinnati PCC #4589 passes the Scarboro Theatre on Kingston Road in KINGSTON ROAD service circa April 1970. This photo was taken by Richard Glaze. | |
TTC A10-class ex-Cincinnati air-electric PCC #4599 picks up passengers westbound on Queen at Coxwell in KINGSTON ROAD service, with A7-class all-electric PCC #4444 pulling up behind. This shot was taken by Richard Glaze circa June 1970. | |
TTC A6-class all-electric PCC heads westbound on Queen Street, passing McGee in KINGSTON ROAD service. This photo was taken circa July 1970 by Richard Glaze. | |
TTC A10-class ex-Cincinnati air-electric PCC heads eastbound on Queen Street, passing Saulter in KINGSTON ROAD service. This shot was taken by Richard Glaze circa July 1970. | |
TTC A6-class all-electric PCC #4365 heads westbound on Queen Street approaching Connaught Avenue, coming out of KINGSTON ROAD service. Line truck #146 repairs the overhead. Reader Mike Cerps notes, "the motorman is taking the farebox to the traffic office, and signing in, as it were after his run in, so when the overhead crew clears, he can just run into the barn and be on his way." This June 1971 shot was taken by Richard Glaze. | |
TTC A6-class all-electric PCC #4368 heads eastbound on Queen, passing Bay Street in KINGSTON ROAD service in this September 1971 shot. The photographer is unknown. | |
TTC A6-class PCC #4328 poses at Wolseley Loop on Bathurst, north of Queen, in a short turn of DOWNTOWNER service. This shot was taken by T. Shepherd in April 1973, and may be a first day photograph. | |
TTC A6-class all-electric PCC #4352 heads westbound on Queen at Saulter in DOWNTOWNER service, circa May 1973. Photo by Richard Glaze. | |
TTC A6-class PCC #4302 poses at Russell Carhouse, facing eastbound at the end of a DOWNTOWNER run. The photographer is unknown and the image is courtesy the Charles Ebling collection. | |
TTC A6-class all-electric PCC #4355 heads southbound on Bathurst in DOWNTOWNER streetcar service on January 9, 1974. Photo by Howard W. Johnson. | |
TTC A8-class all-electric PCC #4355 pauses eastbound on Queen at the west entrance to Russell Carhouse, while in DOWNTOWNER service. This photo was taken on January 9, 1974 by Howard Johnson. | |
TTC A6-class all-electric PCC #4373 heads westbound on Queen, approaching Bay, in service on the DOWNTOWNER route on April 18, 1975. The photographer is unknown. | |
TTC A6-class PCC #4306 heads eastbound on Queen at Victoria, in service on the DOWNTOWNER route on July 15, 1975. The photographer is unknown. | |
TTC A6-class all-electric PCC #4330 turns from Church onto Richmond in a diversion of DOWNTOWNER service. Robert McMann took this photograph on September 15, 1975. Image courtesy the John Knight collection. | |
In the winter of 1976, PCC 4312 pulls into Bingham Loop, bearing a two-year-old "Downtowner" rollsign. The route had been renamed from "Kingston Road" when the TTC extended service from McCaul loop to Bathurst Station. Photo by Bill Robb. | |
TTC A7-class all-electric PCC #4460 and a comrade heads westbound on King Street, passing Duncan in KINGSTON ROAD service to Roncesvalles. This shot was taken circa May 1978 by Richard Glaze. | |
W.N.Carr caught westbound CLRV 4013 on Queen Street West, about to turn onto McCaul Street. The car is passing metal zebra marking stands and yellow truck - both were consistent with welding crews working on broken rail joints at that time (1980). | |
CLRV 4014 leaves McCaul Loop, heading eastbound to Victoria Park. This photograph was taken by W.N.Carr in September, 1982. | |
Here we see a shot of the 502 DOWNTOWNER streetcar heading southbound on McCaul Street snapped by W.N.Carr in February 1984. | |
In this 1998 shot, a chartered ALRV turns into Bingham Loop. Originally constructed in the early 1920s, little has changed since 1954. On July 1st that year, a set of storage tracks was removed and this shelter put in, as suburban buses replaced the section of track between Victoria Park and Birchmount Avenue. Photo by James Bow. | |
TTC A-15 class rebuilt PCC #4500 waits at McCaul Loop in this shot taken on December 6, 1999 by James Bow | |
Rob Hutchinson took this shot of CLRV 4045 on Kingston Road between Malvern and Munro Park. | |
CLRV 4056 is seen turning from westbound King onto southbound Church during the 503's rush hour operations, circa 2000. St. James Cathedral is in the background. This photograph is by Rob Hutchinson. | |
CLRV 4148 prepares to turns from Church onto Wellington, for the second leg of the 503's downtown loop. The intersection was once a hub of streetcar activity, with tracks along Church, Wellington and Front Street. By the year 2000, when this shot was taken, only one-way rush-hour service remained. Rob Hutchinson took this photograph. | |
This picture, taken on Queen Street circa 2000, looking west, shows the changes made to the Kingston Road/Queen intersection. A left-turn streetcar lane has been added so that Kingston Road streetcars don't delay Queen cars. Photo by James Bow. | |
This photo shows CLRV 4010, waiting to enter 503 Kingston Road evening-peak service beside Russell Carhouse. Photo by Roman Fomin on December 3, 2009. | |
CLRV 4067 travels eastbound along Queen Street West, passing Nathan Phillips Square. Photo by Roman Fomin on April 9, 2010. | |
Eastbound CLRV 4019 prepares to cross over Don River on its way to Victoria Park. Red and green signs at the top of the picture inform streetcar operators of restricted speed zone between River Street and Sumach Street. These signs appear to be new to 501, 502 and 503 streetcar routes. The shot was taken by Roman Fomin on December 19, 2011. | |
Roman Fomin caught 503 Kingston Road Tripster CLRV #4129, turning onto Queen Street East on March 15, 2012. Its 502 Downtowner cousin (CLRV 4109) can be seen behind, entering Kingston Road. | |
TTC CLRV 4047 in 503 KINGSTON ROAD TRIPPER service cuts through the snow on King Street East during heavy snowstorm of February 8, 2013. Photo by Roman Fomin. | |
After having finished its morning ride to the downtown, 503 KINGSTON ROAD TRIPPER CLRV #4085 heads back to Greenwood/Connaught Carhouse. Here, TTC CLRV 4085 turns north from Wellington Street West to York Street. The second ("wrong-way") track, seen in this photograph, is to be removed from both streets in 2014. By Roman Fomin, February 13, 2013. | |
TTC CLRV car 4088 runs along Kingston Road between Lee Avenue and Waverley Road. This photograph was taken not long before the major track reconstruction on Kingston Road that took place in Summer 2013. Photo by Roman Fomin on March 15, 2013. | |
502 DOWNTOWNER TRIPPER streetcar (#4115) operates a short-turn alignment looping south from Queen Street East onto Church, west on Richmond Street East (in the photo), north on Victoria Stret and east on Queen Street East. This picture was taken by Roman Fomin on December 24, 2013. | |
CLRV 4134 makes a right turn from Church Street onto Wellington Street East during evening rush-hour. While in this photograph the streetcar is still empty, it will soon become fully loaded with passengers on its way back to Kingston Road. By Roman Fomin on April 15, 2014. | |
CLRV 4128 pauses at Church Street and Wellington Street East. Note TTC sign post on the left displaying 172A CHERRY STREET and 503 DOWNTOWNER routes. This photograph was taken by Roman Fomin on April 16, 2014. | |
Few moments later the same streetcar makes its way to the financial core of Toronto along Wellington Street East. Photo by Roman Fomin. | |
In this photograph taken on May 6, 2015 TTC CLRV 4079 streetcar runs along Wellington Street East to pick up downtown riders during evening rush hour. Photo by Roman Fomin. | |
TTC CLRV #4042 lays over at Charlotte, just south of Adelaide in 503 KINGSTON ROAD service to Spadina. This photo was taken on the afternoon of April 12, 2018 by James Bow. | |
TTC CLRV #4069 turns from Charlotte Street eastbound onto King Street in extended 503 KINGSTON ROAD service on the afternoon of April 12, 2018. Photo by James Bow. | |
TTC CLRV #4182 pauses at Bingham Loop in 503 KINGSTON ROAD service on the afternoon of April 12, 2018. Photo by James Bow. | |
TTC CLRV #4004 heads eastbound on King Street, approaching Spadina Avenue, in a special variant of 503 KINGSTON ROAD service operating between Dufferin and Bingham. This photo was taken on the morning of June 26, 2018 by James Bow. | |
TTC CLRV #4087 heads eastbound on King Street, approaching Spadina, in service on a revised 503 KINGSTON ROAD service operating between Dufferin Loop and Bingham Loop. The photo was taken by James Bow on June 26, 2018. | |
TTC Flexity LRV #4454 heads eastbound on King, having left Charlotte Loop on a special movement of the 503 KINGSTON ROAD tripper on October 5, 2018. Photo by CoDy Kydd. | |
TTC Flexity LRV #4603 pauses on Queen Street East, preparing to turn onto Kingston Road in 503 KINGSTON ROAD TRIPPER service on the morning of June 22, 2020. It was the first day of streetcar service on the street for many months after streetcar construction work made extra cars available. Photo by Glen Franks. | |
TTC Flexity LRV #4603 lays over at Bingham Loop in 503 KINGSTON ROAD service on the morning of June 22, 2020. It was the first time the route ran Flexities in regular service. Photo by Glen Franks. |
References
- Bromley, John F., TTC '28, The Upper Canada Railway Society, Toronto (Ontario), 1979.
- Bromley, John F., and Jack May Fifty Years of Progressive Transit, Electric Railroaders' Association, New York (New York), 1978.
- Stamp, Robert M., Riding the Radials: Toronto's Suburban Electric Streetcar Lines, The Boston Mills Press, Erin (Ontario), 1989.
- The files of Ray Corley.