The Wilson Bus Garage and Subway Yard

A Google Maps satellite image of Wilson Yards, circa 2013.

Text by Godfrey Mallion,
Revised by James Bow

See Also

Wilson Yard Connection Tunnel.

Located at the edge of the former Downsview Canadian Forces Base, the 60-acre Wilson Bus and Subway Complex is perhaps the most important single property on the Toronto Transit Commission. The subway yards marshall the bulk of the service on the Yonge-University-Subway line, and the attached bus garage stores over 250 vehicles. And yet, for twenty years after its opening, it was largely unseen by TTC patrons. Today, Wilson's importance continues to grow, as more tracks and space for more buses are added to the site.

Early History

Plans for the Wilson bus garage and subway yard began when serious proposals came forward to build the Spadina subway. Proposals to run subway service up the median of the old Spadina Expressway (today's Allen Road) were made in the 1960s, and the final alignment was approved by the Province of Ontario on January 18, 1973. Construction began soon after.

A new yard was needed not only to handle the anticipated trains required to service Spadina, but because ridership on the Yonge subway was increasing to the point that Davisville and Greenwood yards were reaching capacity. Davisville was also ageing as the original yard for the Toronto subway network. In addition, the TTC's growing suburban bus network required a new garage, and one better placed to serve the routes operating through the City of North York.

Given this and expected future growth, the TTC knew that a lot of space would be required for the complex. The alignment of the Spadina subway opened up an intriguing possibility of using largely vacant land beside Downsview Airport. Sixty acres were chosen north of Wilson Avenue and west of Wilson Heights Boulevard. After successful negotiations with the federal Ministry of Defence, construction began on the Wilson complex in October 1975.

Opening Specifications

The Wilson bus garage opened first, on March 14, 1976. The 230,000 square foot garage offered two wash racks, two diesel fuelling stations and 4 inspection pit stations. Over the course of its life, a compressed natural gas fuelling station was installed (in the early 1990s) and later abandoned. There was also a Eurovac system, 11 forty-foot hoists and 3 sixty-foot hoists. The garage opened with capacity for 276 vehicles, and initially operated service on 1 ARMOUR HEIGHTS, 36 FINCH WEST, 53 STEELES EAST, 60 STEELES WEST, 98 WILLOWDALE, 55 SENLAC, 84 SHEPPARD WEST, 35 JANE, 96 WILSON, 99 NORFINCH, 18 CALEDONIA and 29 DUFFERIN. A bus-only road (that may have been added later) connects the Wilson Station bus terminal complex with the garage, with a bridge over Transit Road. Today, Wilson garage services a fleet of 19 DBNA - ORION VII LF HYB, 217 DBNA - ORION VII LF and 22 NOVA LFS 60102 ARTIC vehicles.

The subway complex took longer to build, as the opening of the Spadina subway was still over 18 months away. However, by the mid-summer of 1977, Wilson Yard was taking the delivery of new subway cars. By the time the Spadina subway opened in January 1978, Wilson Yards offered a storage building with seven through-tracks for indoor maintenance, a plant building and a substation at the northwest corner of the carhouse building. There was also an overhead walkway from Wilson Garage leading to an operators' and service personnel platform by two of the tracks. The Wilson subway yard offered space for 262 subway cars, making it the largest yard on the Toronto subway network.

Operations

Wilson Garage and Yard served the northern portion of the TTC bus network as well as the bulk of the Yonge-University-Spadina subway straight from day one. Trains dispatched from the yards proceeded south, diving beneath Allen Road to access Wilson subway station from the north. Until March 30, 1996, when the Spadina subway was extended to Downsview station, the only way TTC passengers could see the operations was out the windows of buses heading north from Wilson Station up Transit Road and onto Allen Road and Wilson Heights Boulevard.

Even with its extensive operations, there remains considerable space to grow at Wilson Yards. As the original Gloucester subway cars were retired, those that weren't retained for conversion as work vehicles were scrapped at Wilson Yard. Additional non-powered tracks were added for the storage and eventual scrapping of these cars. In July 1993, when Davisville Yard was closed as an active carhouse (until November 2002), Wilson became the sole source for the subway trains operating on the Yonge-University Spadina subway.

Questions of Access

The amount of space available at Wilson Garage and Yard, and the expense of building any other rail yard space has resulted in much of Toronto's subway operation being consolidated at Wilson. This has presented operational challenges as ridership on the Yonge-University-Spadina subway increased, as travel time to get trains from Wilson to Finch station narrows the window when maintenance can be performed on the Yonge subway during the overnight closure. Questions of how to service cars on the Sheppard subway led to proposals that a single-track tunnel be built beneath Sheppard Avenue from Sheppard-Yonge station to Downsview to provide quicker access to Wilson. The expense of this proposal led to the TTC reopening Davisville Yards instead. Other proposals included extending the tail track tunnel north of Finch station to the site of a future Cummer station, allowing for additional storage tracks and cutting deadhead time from Wilson; this may yet be built as part of the Yonge subway's proposed extension to Richmond Hill.

The concerns remained over the length of time it takes to distribute trains stored at Wilson across the Yonge-University subway, however, and they grew more acute as the TTC finished construction on the extension of the Spadina subway to Vaughan Centre. To address this, the TTC set about with an expansion project on the north side of the yards, starting in 2010 by building a new tunnel connecting Wilson Yards with Sheppard West (then Downsview) station. This tunnel, built using cut-and-cover techniques, branches off south of the crossover south of Sheppard West station and headed southwest beneath Allen Road to emerge at the north end of Wilson Yards.

The connecting tunnel was largely complete by 2011, but no tracks were laid as Wilson's expansion project continued. When the subway was extended from Sheppard West to Vaughan, the TTC started laying down tracks in the tunnel, and work finished up on a new hostler platform at the north end of the yards to service the new entry/exit track. The expansion included a new north-end runaround track connecting eight storage tracks in the west yard, along with a new power substation, and a new training building with a simulator emulating the operation of Toronto Rocket Trains.

The new hostler platform and the connecting tunnel opened in September 2018. The TTC claims that the expansion and tunnel helped "to reduce traffic delays by 44% in the early morning when work cars return from their night shift and service trains depart."

A Lasting Legacy

Even though additional subway yards may be built in the future (such as at Richmond Hill), and even though additional bus garages have opened since Wilson launched operations in 1976, Wilson remains and will likely remain a critical part of the TTC's bus and subway network. It is well placed to maintain a key part of Toronto's suburban bus network, and it has been blessed with a lot of space in which to operate as a subway yard. Davisville could close down (and it has in the past), but it is almost inconceivable that Wilson could suffer the same fate.

Routes

While Wilson operates the 1 YONGE-UNIVERSITY-SPADINA SUBWAY and 4 SHEPPARD SUBWAY lines, the bus division operates the following bus routes as of March 26, 2023:

90 VAUGHAN
97 YONGE
98 WILLOWDALE-SENLAC
101 DOWNSVIEW PARK
104 FAYWOOD
105 DUFFERIN NORTH
106 SENTINEL
107 YORK UNIVERSITY HEIGHTS
109 RANEE
115 SILVER HILLS
118 THISTLE DOWN
119 TORBARRIE
124 SUNNYBROOK
125 DREWRY
126 CHRISTIE
128 STANLEY GREENE
142 DOWNTOWN / AVENUE ROAD EXPRESS
160 BATHURST NORTH
300 BLOOR-DANFORTH NIGHT
304 KING NIGHT (supplemental bus service)
307 BATHURST NIGHT
312 ST. CLAIR-JUNCTION NIGHT
320 YONGE NIGHT
363 OSSINGTON NIGHT
504 KING (supplemental bus service)
960 STEELES WEST EXPRESS
989 WESTON EXPRESS

Document Archive

Wilson Carhouse Expansion Report, July 10, 2008, (PDF - 185 Kb)

Wilson Yards Image Archive

	A view of Wilson Yard, looking north beneath the overhead walkway leading from the personnel building to the Hostlers' platform (where trains are put into service) on the right. Photo taken for the Toronto Archives near the end of the yard's construction in 1977. Image courtesy Nathan Ng's Station Fixation project.
	Robert McMann took this shot of the newly-opened (relatively speaking) Wilson Yards on June 10, 1978, as Gloucester and H-series trains wait to enter service. This shot is looking northwest. The image is courtesy the John Knight collection.
	A pair of H5-class Hawker Siddeley cars awaits maintenance at Wilson Yard on July 4, 1978. This photograph was taken by Robert McMann and is courtesy the John Knight collection.
	In the Wilson Garage area, Orion V bus #9414 poses alongside Orion Ikarus III bus #6410, on September 4, 2000. Photo by James Bow.
	A view of the Compressed Natural Gas refuelling building at Wilson Yards, taken on September 4, 2000. Photo by James Bow.
	View of the southern end of the Wilson yard complex looking northwest. Photo taken in 2001 by David Cavlovic.
	This picture nicely illustrates the dual use of the Wilson Complex. This photo, by Michael Boone in 2003, looks northwest across the yard.
	Wilson Yard can be seen from trains passing between Wilson and Downsview stations. Here, we see a covered bridge taking TTC workers from the yard offices (offscreen, left) to a narrow platform where they can pick up their trains. This shot was taken in 2003 by Michael Boone.
	North of the shops building, a large staging area can be seen. Wilson Yards handles most of the subway trains operating on the Yonge-University-Spadina line these days. This shot was taken in 2003 by Michael Boone.
	Before the extension to Downsview station, this tailtrack was the only part of Wilson Yard that could be seen from the public areas of the TTC (in this case, the now unused North Bus Terminal of Wilson station). The track, extending south of the yard, was used to move cars around while setting up trains. This photo was taken in 2003 by Michael Boone.
	Assorted buses (GM New Look, Orion V, Orion VII and Orion VII Next Generation) parked at Wilson Garage looking west from a T1 Train on June 16, 2009. Photographed by Jelo Gutierrez Cantos.
	Assorted Orion VII buses parked at Wilson Garage on September 6, 2015. Photo by Sammi De Guzman.
	The end of the service day in June 2017 bids farewell to a wrapped Toronto train beside the hostlers' platform at Wilson Yards. Photo courtesy Greg Northcott.